2 Euro commemorative coins Finland

Finland

2 Euro

C o m m e m o r a t i v e C o i n s

Finland
The edge lettering on the Finnish 2‐Euro‐commemorative coins is : (Finland in Finnish and Swedish; depicted are three lions) Different embossings are noted in the individual description.	Finish mint marks : 2007‐2009 / from 2010

Image	Country		Date	Feature	Ref.	Volume
🔎		Finland	24 Jun. 2004	Fifth Enlargement of the European Union in 2004	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : The coin shows a stylised branch from which ten leaves are sprouting. This is a metaphorical theme: the ten shoots represent the EU enlargement to include the ten new member states (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia), while the ground provides the foundation for growth. Below this floor are written the letters "EU" and "ρ" (small Rho); one reads Euro. The "2004" at the very top of the ring, and the small Rho at the bottom divide the twelve stars of Europe into two lateral groups of six stars each. The two initials "M" at the bottom right stand for the designer Pertti Mäkinen and the mint director Raimo Tapio Makkonen respectively. The coin bears no designation of the issuing state. It was minted without a mint mark by the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	25 Oct. 2005	60th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations and 50th anniversary of Finland's UN membership	20001 20002 20005	2,000,000	•
	Description : On the occasion of Finland's 50th anniversary as a member of the United Nations, the coin shows puzzle pieces that, when put together, form a dove of peace carrying an olive branch in its beak. The inscription "FINLAND — UN" (state name in English and Swedish, UN as an acronym for United Nations) is shown on the bottom left and the year of issue "2005" on the right. The designer Taipo Kettunen's signet "K" appears to the right above the year, while the mintmaster's mark "M" for Raimo Taipo Makkonen is to the left. The coin was struck without a mint mark by the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa. Instead of the standard Finnish edge lettering, this commemorative coin uses "YK 1945‐2005 FN" followed by three lion heads (the lion is the heraldic animal of Finland) as the edge lettering. "YK" and "FN" are the acronyms for "United Nations" in Finnish and Swedish.

🔎		Finland	04 Oct. 2006	1st Centenary of the Introduction of Universal and Equal Suffrage	20001 20002 20005	2,500,000	•
	Description : The coin shows two faces, one male and one female, separated by a thin curved line. On the left side is "1.10. 1906", the date of the introduction of women's suffrage in Finland, on the right the year of issue "2006", divided in two by the country code "FI" (Finland). The initials "M" ‐ once each next to both faces ‐ stand for the coin designer Pertti Mäkinen and the mint director Raimo Tapio Makkonen respectively. The coin was struck without a mint mark by the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	25 Mar. 2007	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	20001 20002 20005	1,400,000	•
	Description : The Treaty establishing the European Community, called the Treaty of Rome (originally called the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community and renamed the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union in December 2009) was signed on 25 March 1957 by Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands at the Conservatory Palace in Rome. It came into force on 1st of January 1958. At the same time two other treaties were concluded, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, which established EURATOM, and the Agreement on Institutions Common to the European Communities, which stipulated that the European Economic Community (EEC), the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) had a common parliamentary assembly (now the European Parliament), a common Court of Justice and a common Economic and Social Committee. On the 5th of May 2006, EU Commissioner Joaquín Almunia and Eurogroup President Jean‐Claude Juncker announced the first transnational 2‐Euro commemorative coin to mark the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome. The directors of the Italian mint Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, the Spanish mint Real Casa de la Moneda and the Austrian Mint Münze Österreich AG met in Vienna to exchange ideas. The ideas were presented and amalgamated into a design by the commissioned engraver Helmut Andexlinger, after approval he produced a model of the coin. It shows the treaty with the signatures of the representatives from the six founding states, framed by the pavement pattern of the Capitol Square in Rome, designed by Michelangelo where the treaty was signed. National characteristics : At the top are the words "ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V" (50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome), below it is an illustration of the treaty with the words "EUROOPPA" Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa can be seen on the far left. Coins produced in the proof production process bear the normal Finnish edge marking, but the normal mittings bear the marking "ROMFÖRDRAGET • 50 ÅR • EUROPA •" ('Rome Treaty 50 Years of Europe' in Swedish).

🔎		Finland	03 Dec. 2007	90th anniversary of Finland's independence	20001 20002 20005	2,000,000	•
	Description : The commemorative coin designed by Reijo Juhani Paavilainen shows a longship, a Nordic rowing vessel similar to the Gokstad ship. Nine people (only the rowers on one side of the ship are visible) are rowing to the left ‐ symbolically towards freedom. Waves are stylised below the boat. The year of issue "2007" is shown at the top, the year of Finnish independence "1917" at the bottom. On the right side is the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and on the left a horn of plenty with rounds the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	24 Oct. 2008	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	20001 20002 20005	1,500,000	•
	Description : At the session of the United Nations General Assembly held in the Palais de Chaillot in Paris on the 10th of December 1948, Resolution 217 was adopted with the ‐ legally non‐binding ‐ Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Its Article 1 reads: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights". The coin pays tribute to this resolution and shows a surface ‐ as if made of quarry stones ‐ with a heart‐shaped opening through which a human figure can be seen. Below the heart, the words "HUMAN RIGHTS" are stamped. The year "2008" is shown at the top. At the bottom, from left to right, the country abbreviation "FI" for Finland, the signet "K" of the designer Taipo Kettunen and a horn of plenty with rounds the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa can be seen.

🔎		Finland	15 Jan. 2009	10 years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)	20001 20002 20005	1,400,000	•
	Description : In 1972 the European Exchange Rate Mechanism was created to limit fluctuations between currencies. In 1975 a basket of currencies was used to define the European Currency Unit (ECU) and in 1979 the European Monetary System was created. 1990 saw the start of the first stage of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and in 1994 the second stage, during which the European Monetary Institute prepared for the establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB). In 1996 the European Commission established the currency abbreviation €. In 1999, saw the third stage of EMU, all participating currencies were linked to the euro by exchange rate parity. In 2008 a design competition was held for the EMU Community Edition coin and out of 5 proposals a winner, Georgios Stamatopoulos was determined by an online vote. The design shows a stylised human stick figure on the blank space of an irregularly shaped ancient coin, with the € symbol on the left arm. It symbolises the transition from the bartering of archaic times to European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Below the € symbol are the designer's initials "ΓΣ" and the years "1999‐2009". National characteristics : Above is the name of the issuing country "SUOMI FINLAND" (Finland, in Finnish and Swedish), the acronym of the occasion of issue below is "EMU". A horn of plenty with rounds the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa is to the right of the country name, the year of issue "2009" is shown below the name. Coins produced in the proof production process bear the normal Finnish edge marking, but the normal mittings bear the marking "TALOUS ‐ RAHALIITTO EMU •" (Economic and Monetary Union, in Finnish).

🔎		Finland	23 Oct. 2009	200th anniversary of Finnish Autonomy	20001 20002 20005	1,600,000	•
	Description : In 1809, the Grand Duchy of Finland was formed, which was part of the Russian Empire but enjoyed extensive political autonomy. The motif of the coin, designed by Reijo Juhani Paavilainen, is the gable of Porvoo Cathedral, the site of Finland's first Diet, built in the 15th century and partially destroyed by fire in 2006. The date of the first meeting "1809" is shown at the top, the year of issue "2009" on the right, the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) on the left as well as a horn of plenty with rounds the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	11 Nov. 2010	150th anniversary of Finnish Currency	20001 20002 20005	1,600,000	•
	Description : In 1860, Tsar Alexander II of Russia decreed that Finland could introduce its own currency. The first notes denominated in Markka were issued on the 1st of April 1860 and the first Markka silver coins on the 15th of October 1860. The commemorative coin, designed by Reijo Juhani Paavilainen, shows the stylised lion from Finland's coat of arms on the left. On the right side, numbers "1", "2" and "5" are embossed to symbolise different coin values. On the left is the year of issue "2010", below the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and on the right a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the new mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	17 Oct. 2011	200th anniversary of the Finnish Central Bank Suomen Pankki	20001 20002 20005	1.600,000	•
	Description : The Finnish national bird, the Whooper Swan, also adorns a 100‐euro coin of 2011 after a design by Hannu Veijalainen in the same depiction on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the founding of the Finnish Central Bank. Without naming the occasion of the issue, only the founding year of the Finnish Central Bank "1811" is depicted below the swan, while the year of issue "2011" is written on the left. The country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa are depicted below.

🔎		Finland	12 Jan. 2012	10 years Euro‐Currency	20001 20002 20005	1,500,000	•
	Description : To mark the tenth anniversary of the final adoption of the euro as cash, all 17 EU countries using the euro as their official currency issued a commemorative € 2 coin. There were five designs submitted, which could be voted for online. The result was announed on the 30th of June 2011: the winning design was created by Helmut Andexlinger and shows a globe in the middle, overlaid with the euro symbol. The importance of the euro in Europe and the world as a whole coupled with the fact that it has become a global player in the international monetary system over the last ten years, is illustrated by the euro symbol. According to the designer, the symbolic elements around the stylised globe represent the suggestion that the euro offers more opportunities for businesses and markets which in turn ensures economic stability by encouraging investment in this environment. The factory shape symbolises production, the cargo ship trade, all of which benefit the symbolic family of four with three homes by providing more quality jobs and stable consumer prices. The symbol of the Eurotower in Frankfurt/M. represents financial strength and the two wind turbines shows stimulation in innovative investments that this environment presents, whose central element is the euro. At the bottom of the coin are the years "2002 and "2012". National characteristics : At the top of the coin is the name of the issuing country "SUOMI FINLAND" (Finland, in Finnish and Swedish). The mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) can be seen on the left.

🔎		Finland	05 Oct. 2012	150th birthday of Helene Schjerfbeck	20001 20002 20005	2,000,000	•
	Description : The early work of the Finnish‐Swedish painter Helene Schjerfbeck (1862‐1946) was characterised by a radical naturalism. After a study visit to Paris, she felt like an outsider in the national‐romantic dominated Finnish art world. She left naturalism behind and developed her own style of painting, characterised by expressive colours and strong lines. Dedicated to her 150th birthday, the coin motif designed by Eria Tielinen depicts a self‐portrait of Schjerfbeck painted in 1937. On the occasion of the 50th‐anniversary of her death, it resembles the 100‐markkaa coin minted in 1996. On the left, the name "HELENE SCHJERFBECK" is depicted vertically, below it the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and next to it the year of issue "2012". On the right, the dates of her life "1862‐1946" are written vertically and below that a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	04 Sep. 2013	150th anniversary of the Parliament of 1863 when regular Parliament sessions started in Finland	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : The convening of the Imperial Diet of the Grand Duchy of Finland ushered in a period of "enlightenment". In Finland, 1863 marked the beginning of true democracy, transparent press operations and the right to use the Finnish language. The convening of regular sessions of the Diet improved the ability of Finns to influence affairs in their country, which was part of the Russian Empire. The coin, designed by Petri Neuvonen, shows the tendril of a germinating plant formed from the numeral 6 of the year "1863", which is meant to symbolise the beginning of Finland's development into a true democracy. In the shape of a circle, "SUOMI" (the country's name in Finnish), a lion (Finland's heraldic animal) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa and "FINLAND" (Finland, in Swedish, the second official language) and "2013" are depicted.

🔎		Finland	04 Nov. 2013	125th anniversary of the birth of Nobel Prize‐winning author Frans Eemil Sillanpää	20001 20002 20005	1,500,000	•
	Description : The commemorative coin, designed by Reijo Juhani Paavilainen and Pekka Rytkönen from a photograph, commemorates the 125th birthday of the Finnish writer Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888‐1964) who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1939 ‐ for his deep understanding of the peasant population of his country and the exquisite art with which he portrayed their way of life and their relationship with nature ‐ especially in his novels Miehen tie (One Man's Way) and Nuorena nukkunut (Silja, the Maid). He was a master of a particular style through which deep insights into the relationship between man and nature found their way into Finnish literature. Among his compatriots, this master storyteller was especially known for his popular radio broadcasts and unforgettable Christmas columns. After the war years, Sillanpää evolved into the long‐bearded "Taata", the country's unofficial grandfather. His childhood Christmas memories gave rise to a popular tradition: at Christmastime, "Taata" would gather the entire nation in front of the radio, listening spellbound to his light‐hearted Christmas tales. His name "F.E.SILLANPÄÄ" is shown above, his year of birth "1888" on the left and his year of death "1964" on the right. The year of issue "2013" is shown vertically at the top right, at the bottom left is a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa, at the bottom right the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland).

🔎		Finland	16 Jun. 2014	100th birthday of Tove Jansson	20001 20002 20005	1,500,000	•
	Description : The commemorative coin designed by Jari Lepistö shows an ink self‐portrait of the Finnish‐Swedish writer and painter Tove Jansson, created around 1970. She became known in particular for her hippo‐like muin trolls. Below her two‐line signature "Tove Jansson" are her year of birth and death, "1914‐2001". At the top left is the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland), on the right the year of issue "2014" is shown vertically and above it a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	10 Nov. 2014	100th birthday of Ilmari Tapiovaara	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : Ilmari Tapiovaara (1914‐1999), Finnish interior architect and designer, worked in the offices of Alvar Aalto in London and Le Corbusier in Paris, among others ‐ his students in turn included Eero Aarnio. As a visiting professor at the Illinois Institute of Technology, Tapiovaara also had lively contact with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. He had a penchant for developing seating furniture that could be dismantled or stacked. In 1971 he received the Finnish State Prize for Design. The coin, designed by Harri Koskinen, states the name of the jubilarian "ILMARI TAPIOVAARA" and his life data "1914 ‐ 1999" in the form of a circle and shows a detail of a chair characteristic of his designs. On the right, the year of issue "2014", the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) are depicted the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	18 Feb. 2015	150th birthday of the composer Jean Sibelius	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : Johan Julius Christian ("Jean") Sebelius (1865‐1957) was a Swedish‐speaking Finnish composer at the transition from late Romanticism to Modernism. He developed the four‐movement Lemminkäinen Suite with the character Lemminkäinen from the Finnish national epic Kalevala from parts of conceived but discarded operas. Critics and audiences reacted enthusiastically, especially to the second movement, The Swan of Tuonela (the motif of the Swan of Tuonela is also depicted on another commemorative coin from 2015 dedicated to the painter Akseli Gallen‐Kallela). In German‐speaking countries, he is best known for his violin concerto and his symphonic poem Finlandia. The commemorative coin designed by Nora Tapper on the occasion of his 150th birthday depicts the starry sky between pine trees above his grave in Ainola. On the left is the year "2015", flanked in an arch by "JEAN" and "SIBELIUS". On the right is the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	06 Aug. 2015	30 years EU‐Flag	20001 20002 20005	500,000	•
	Description : From 1950, the Council of Europe had been working on the design of a flag for Europe. The proposal to adopt the emblem of the Paneuropa Union, founded by Richard Coudenhove‐Kalergi in 1922, was rejected because of its supposed Christian symbolism. In 1955 it was agreed that the European flag, also adopted by the European Community on 29th of June 1985, would be the European flag with the twelve (a number of twelve is considered a sign of perfection) golden stars in a circular (symbolising unity) arrangement on a blue background. To mark the 30th anniversary of the EU flag, all 19 EU countries which use the euro as their official currency issued a commemorative €2 coin. There were five designs to choose from which could be voted for online. The result was declared on 28th of May 2015. The coin design was created by Georgios Stamatopoulos, coin designer at the Bank of Greece, whose initials "ΓΣ" can be seen in the lower right‐hand corner. It shows twelve stylised persons in a circle around a European flag with the twelve euro stars. National characteristics : Above is the name of the issuing country "SUOMI FINLAND" (Finland, in Finnish and Swedish), followed by the dates "1985‐2015". A lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa is shown on the right.

🔎		Finland	22 Oct. 2015	150th birthday of Akseli Gallen-Kallela	20001 20002 20005	500,000	•
	Description : Akseli Gallen‐Kallela (1865‐1931) was a Swedish‐speaking Finnish painter, architect and designer. He is particularly known for his illustrations of the Finnish national epic Kalevala. The coin designer Hannu Veijalainen chose two pictorial elements from his 1897 painting Lemminkäinen's Mother: the swan of Tuonela, the river of the underworld, and the waves symbolising the sinking spirit. In a semicircle on the left and right are the name parts "AKSELI GALLEN" and "KALLELA", flanking a painter's palette on which the year of birth "1865" and the year of issue "2015" can be seen in two lines, as well as a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa on the right. The abbreviation of the issuing country "FI" (Finland) is shown at the top right.

🔎		Finland	25 Apl. 2016	90th anniversary of the death of Eino Leino	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : On the 90th anniversary of the death of Eino Leino (1878‐1926), the Finnish writer and lyricist of the literary neo‐Romantic period, Pertti Mäkinen designed his left‐facing profile from a flame, a frequent subject in Leino's works. Next to it is a poker pointing upwards to the right, the year of issue "2016" and the signature "Eino Leino" on the right. The country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) appear at the bottom left the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	17 Oct. 2016	100th birthday of philosopher Georg Henrik von Wright	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : Georg Hendrik von Wright (1916‐2003), Finnish‐Swedish philosopher and logician (of Scottish ancestry), executor of Ludwig Wittgenstein's estate, created a system of deontic logic. The coin, designed by Nora Tapper, shows an ancient Doric column on the right, symbolising Wrights early ideals (who visited Paestum in 1937), the universal man. The oak branch, symbol of wisdom, dignity and strength, represents the philosopher's personality, the number of oak leaves is supposed to represent the three disciplines to which the philosopher devoted himself: Theoretical Philosophy, Social and Moral Philosophy and Cultural Philosophy. The lettering "GEORG HENRIK VON WRIGHT" runs in an arc from left to right. The year of issue "2016" appears at the top, to the left of which a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) is depicted the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa, as well as the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland).

🔎		Finland	01 Jun. 2017	100 years of independence	20001 20002 20005	2,500,000	•
	Description : The coin, designed by Simon Örnberg, shows a dot‐shaped mosaic with less closely set and less raised parts on the right indicating the outline of Finland. The vertically set two‐line text "SUOMI 1917" (Finland in Finnish, followed by the year of independence) and "FINLAND 2017" (Finland in Swedish, followed by the year of issue) are on the left. On the right, a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa and the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) are shown below each other.

🔎		Finland	23 Oct. 2017	Finnish Nature	20001 20002 20005	500,000	•
	Description : The coin dedicated to Finnish nature was designed after a photo taken by Kari Auvinen in Harmaja. It shows a black and grey hooded crow sitting on a bare bog birch. This bird, which reacts flexibly to new situations, is meant to symbolise the modern Finnish character. Behind him and the birch branches shines the cartographically depicted ‐ but in negative brightness values ‐ full moon. Half hidden by the crow's belly is the Mare Tranquillitatis, where the crew of Apollo 11 carried out the first moon landing in 1969. The dark spot on the left of the coin is the moon crater Copernicus. At the bottom is the year of issue "2017" and on the left the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland). On the right is a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa. There is also a 10‐euro silver coin with the same motif.

🔎		Finland	28 May 2018	Koli National Park	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : Finland's national landscapes symbolise the Finnish character and have a universally recognised significance in Finnish culture, history and perception of nature. The coin, designed by Erkki Vainio after a photo by Juha‐Pekka Jävenpää, shows the view from the top of Mount Koli of the national park of the same name with Lake Pielinen and various islands in Karelia. The mixed forest there is made up of shrub birch (in the coin image on the left) and Norway spruce (on the right), among others. The year of issue "2018" is shown below, the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) on the left and a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) on the right the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	22 Oct. 2018	Finnish Sauna culture	20001 20002 20005	1,000,000	•
	Description : The coin, designed by Erkki Vainio, shows in the foreground a sauna log cabin situated between an aspen (left) and a bog birch (right) on a lake, with smoke rising from its chimney. Small offshore islands and the other shore of the lake are overgrown with mixed forest. In the background, two more smoke columns bear witness to the private saunas popular in Finland (in 2020, UNESCO declared the Finnish sauna an intangible cultural heritage). On the left is the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland), below "2018" and on the right is a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	31 Oct. 2019	Constitution Act of 1919	20001 20002 20005	500,000	•
	Description : The symbolism chosen by the coin designer Dario Vidal for the coin commemorating the anniversary of the Constitution on the separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches is based on the image of three equally sized connected soap bubbles. According to the rules described by Plateau, three surfaces of soap bubbles meet at an angle of 120°. Here, the surface area is minimal and an equilibrium of forces is created by the same surface tension. The year of issue "2019" is on the left, a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) is shown below the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa and next to it the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland).

🔎		Finland	18 Aug. 2020	100 years since the foundation of the University of Turku	20002 20007 20008	720,000	•
	Description : Founded in 1920, the university in the Finnish city of Turku is the second largest in the country. In addition, there is the Swedish‐language university Åbo Akademi, founded in 1918, with just under 6,000 students. The Turku Academy, on the other hand, which was located in Turku from 1640 to 1828, is the predecessor of the University of Helsinki and is not connected to today's two Turku universities. The coin designed by Petri Neuvonen represents the concept of neurological network through grid patterns on an abstract level. This is meant to symbolise the interaction between the universities and society. On the top is "2020", on the right is a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa, and the country code "FI" (Finland).

🔎		Finland	11 Nov. 2020	100th anniversary of Väinö Linna	20002 20007 20008	700,000	•
	Description : Väinö Linna (1920‐1992) was one of the best‐known Finnish authors of the 20th century. After being drafted as a soldier in the Continuation War 1941‐1944, he worked as an assembler in a textile factory and began to write. His best‐known work, Crosses in Karelia, is classified as social realism. It destroyed the myth of the noble war by its harshness, depicted dilemmas and wrong decisions of the military leadership, and mostly had ordinary Finnish soldiers use coarse language. Thus the work, published in 1954, was censored and only appeared posthumously in 2000, unabridged under the title Sotaromaani (War Novel). Petri Neuvonen designed the coin that reflects Linna's time as a textile worker in the background of the portrait: threads of yarn on the left and woven fabric on the right ‐ just as individual thoughts can be woven into a complete work. On the left is the arched inscription "VÄINÖ LINNA". Below the year "2020" is a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa and the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland).

🔎		Finland	14 Apr. 2021	Journalism and Open Communication in Support of Finnish Democracy	20002 20007 20008	530,000	•
	Description : According to the coin's designer Hannu Jasoni Veijalainen, the two stylised male and female figures and the information networks circling around them like a ribbon are meant to reflect the open communication in Finnish journalism that supports democracy. On the left, the issue occasion, journalism, is named in Finnish as "JOURNALISMI" and on the right in Swedish as "JOURNALISTIK". At the bottom is the year of issue, "2021", flanked on the right by the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and on the left by a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa. A 100‐euro gold coin was also issued with the same design on the obverse.

🔎		Finland	13 Aug. 2021	100th anniversary of self‐government in the Åland region	20002 20007 20008	800,000	•
	Description : The Åland Islands were part of the Swedish Empire founded in the High Middle Ages ‐ at the same time as the Christianisation of Sweden. As a result of the Great Northern War, the strategically important Åland came under Russian occupation in 1714, which led to the flight of a large part of the Åland population to Sweden. The Russo‐Swedish War resulted in the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809, in which Sweden ceded Finland, the Åland Islands and parts of Lapland and Västerbotten to Russia, which formed the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland with its own administration under the rule of the Russian Tsar. After the Russian February Revolution in 1917, the Finnish Civil War broke out at the end of January 1918 and efforts were made to annex Åland to Sweden. The League of Nations decided on the 24th of June 1921 that the islands would remain part of Finland, but that various guarantees would have to be given to safeguard the nationality, language and culture of the Swedish‐speaking population of the islands: Åland became an autonomous region of Finland with Swedish as the only official language. On the 20th of October 1921, an agreement on the demilitarisation and neutrality of Åland was concluded in Geneva, signed by all the countries bordering the Baltic Sea except the Soviet Union. On the 3rd of April 1954, Åland received its own flag, and since 1984 it has had its own postage stamps. The Åland government officially introduced AX as a nationality marker on the 19th of March 2010. The commemorative coin, designed by Ulrika Kjeldsen, shows the calm surface of the southern Gulf of Bothnia between Sweden and the Finnish mainland with archipelagos and cumulus clouds on the horizon. In the foreground is the bow of a wooden boat and a hand holding a compass. Three stick‐shaped buoys bobbing in the water in the direction of travel warn of shoals. Two lozenges ‐ symbolising cone‐shaped buoys ‐ separate the circular designation of the issue occasion on the left and right: "ÅLANDS SJÄLVSTYRELSE 100 ÅR" at the top in Swedish, "AHVENANMAAN ITSEHALLINTO 100 VUOTTA" (Åland self‐government 100 years) at the bottom in Finnish. On the right is the year of issue "2021" and next to it the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland), on the left a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	11 Feb. 2022	100th anniversary of the Finnish National Ballet	20002 20003 20005	400,000	•
	Work in progress

🔎		Finland	01 Jul. 2022	35th anniversary of the Erasmus Program	20003 20005 20009	400,000	•
	Description : ERASMUS is a backronym for EuRopean Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students. The ERASMUS exchange programme is aimed at EU citizens who have been studying at a university for at least one year and supports a three to twelve‐month stay abroad at a university within the EU, or an internship. In addition, there are master's and doctoral programmes, programmes for young entrepreneurs, for school education, vocational training and adult education. Internships as well as professional development measures are financially supported and language courses abroad are also made possible for working people. The backronym refers to the Dutch philosopher and theologian Erasmus of Rotterdam (∼1466‐1536), described as "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists", depicted after a painting by Hans Holbein the Younger created in 1523. The French coin designer Joaquin Jimenez, whose initials "J.J." appear next to Erasmus' pen, has designed as a background a network of connecting lines between the twelve stars arranged in a circle and symbolising Europe, which is intended to represent the manifold intellectual and human exchanges between European students. By relieving some partial areas between the connecting lines, the numbers 3 and 5 emerge, referring to the 35th anniversary of the programme. In a block of three to four lines of lettering arranged in a quarter circle at the bottom right, the commemorative period is written as "1987-2022" (the last number also designating the year of issue) below the occasion of issue, followed by the name of the issuing state, if this does not consist of an abbreviation placed in the centre of the motif. National characteristics : The country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) is placed centrally below the centre line. The quarter circle at the bottom right has three lines; below the commemorative period is the issue occasion "ERASMUS" and below that "OHJELVA • PROGRAMMET" (Programme, in Finnish and Swedish). A lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) is depicted at the bottom on the left sleeve as the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	30 Seb. 2022	Climate research in Finland	20003 20005 20009	400,000	•
	Description : Climate change is the greatest environmental threat of our time. It makes itself felt both regionally and globally through changes in temperature, precipitation and wind patterns. Air quality research is an important part of climate research. For this issue, Terhi Tuominen and Jitan Patel chose an usnea, a root‐like bearded lichen, as the coin motif. It functions as a natural air quality measuring device. The lichens that hang from the bark of coniferous and deciduous trees are alternately humid organisms that are able to use various water sources such as rain, fog, dew and water vapour for their photosynthesis. In a steady‐state equilibrium between desiccation and rewetting, nutrient uptake and leaching as well as photosynthesis and respiration, lichens interact with the immediate environment. They do not have any active control mechanisms such as stomata for transpiration reduction and CO2 uptake or roots and guide vessels for water supply, but exchange resources passively over their entire surface. During their metabolic activity, they accumulate substances absorbed from the environment into their organic material. This applies to environmentally harmful substances such as sulphur dioxide, heavy metals or an excess of nitrogen as well as to carbon dioxide and water resources. By means of the isotope signature of lichens, insights can be gained into CO2 and water cycles, and with the help of a so‐called lichen mapping, local climate changes can be detected. On the left, in the form of an arc, is "ILMASTOTUTKIMUS" (climate research) in Finnish and on the right "KLIMATFORSKNING" in Swedish as the occasion of issue. Below is the year of issue "2022" and to the right the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland), above a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) as the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	21 Mar. 2023	First Finnish Nature Conservation Act (1932)	20003 20005 20009	405,000	•

	Description : 100 years ago, in 1923, the Finnish Imperial Nature Conservation Act was passed, which is still in force and allows the protection of individual plant and animal species and other natural objects, as well as the establishment of reserves on state or private land. Since 1983, the country has had its own Ministry of the Environment and is working on a first social contract for sustainability: government programmes and initiatives from business, civil society and authorities are to converge under one roof. Forests, lakes and bogs are the main element of the Finnish landscape. Completely untouched forest nature can only be found in parts of Lapland, where the number of Finland's larger predators such as bear, lynx, wolf and wolverine has increased in recent years. However, large areas of northern Finnish moorland have been preserved in an undisturbed natural state; they have not yet begun to be drained. But the first peatlands have already been turned into huge reservoirs in the service of the electricity industry. The energy‐intensive production of pulp, paper and metal are central Finnish industries that have been modernised considerably, but per capita energy consumption in Finland is still twice as high as the EU average. Nature conservation is no longer just a scientific and idealistic task in Finland either, but a cultural and social necessity. Coin designer Sandra Prami has chosen a longhorn beetle, a pre‐Arctic common beetle, as the motif. The occasion of issue, nature conservation, is indicated at the top with "LUONNONSUOJELU" in Finnish and at the bottom with "NATURSKYDD" in Swedish, followed by "2023", the year of issue. On the right is the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) on the left as the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

🔎		Finland	07 Aug. 2023	Social and health services as safeguards for citizens' well‐being	20003 20005 20009	400,000	•
	Description : Finland was predominantly rural until the end of the 1960s. Finland's late industrialisation and rather weak social democracy explains the relatively late development of a Finnish welfare state ‐ compared to Sweden and the other Nordic countries ‐ which only took place in the 1970s and 80s. The aim of social security in the Nordic welfare model is to ensure a minimum income and adequate consumption for all residents, including in the event of illness, unemployment, incapacity for work or old age. Some of the social security benefits (e.g. the pension system) are based on gainful employment, while others are mainly based on residence in Finland. Examples of residence‐based benefits are child benefits and day care. In Finland, healthcare spending accounted for just under 10% of GDP in 2020 and social spending for 29% in 2022. In the 'World Happiness Report' published by Columbia University, New York, since 2012, Finland ranked first among the happiest countries in the world in 2023 for the sixth year in a row ‐ not least thanks to its strong social safety net, excellent education system and work‐life balance. The coin designer Dario Vidal has filled the outline of Finland with a meandering line structure as a motif, which resembles the laying technique of the water pipes of an underfloor heating system. The Åland archipelago is depicted in the form of a dot. "HYVINVOINTI VÄLFÄRD" (well‐being, in Finnish and Swedish) is the text shown in a semicircle on the left. In the centre is the year of issue "2023", below the country abbreviation "FI" (Finland) and on the right a lion (the heraldic animal of Finland) as the mint mark of the Finnish mint Suomen Rahapaja OY in Vantaa.

		Finland	14 Mar. 2024	Elections as the basis of democracy	20003	407,800	•
	Work in progress

References :
20001	Images taken with authorisation by the ECB ‐ Mail dated 20.Feb.2020 © "European Central Bank"	20002	Data mirrored from Wikipedia Page "2_euro_commemorative_coins" with friendly support of the guardians of that page.
20003	Images taken with authorisation by H....... Hamburg	20004	Coloured version of this Commemorative Coin in circulation EU‐legal‐technical specifications do not recongnise colour prints, but the EU is tolerate them, due to the facts that their numbers are very small and that they are sold in special packs and therefor are very unlikely to be used as currency.
20005	enlarged Images taken with authorisation by Gerd Seyffert © "Gerd Seyffert 2021"	20006	Not Applicable
20007	Images taken by Münzen Kreuzberg © "Münzen Kreuzberg 2021"	20008	enlarged Images taken by Münzen Kreuzberg © "Münzen Kreuzberg 2021"
20009	Text with kind permission by Gerd Seyffert © "Gerd Seyffert 2023"	20010	Not Applicable